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Liability-driven investing

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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.

Setting ROAs for 2025: A guide for US corporate and public plans

How are pension plans adjusting their ROA assumptions? And how do those assumptions line up with our long-term capital market assumptions? Find out in this annual update.

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16 min
Whitepaper
2025-11-30
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.

Why more corporate plans should pass on pension risk transfers

LDI Team Chair Amy Trainor explains why she believes a pension risk transfer may, in many cases, not be the best choice for fully funded plans from a cost/benefit standpoint.

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5 min
Article
2025-11-30
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.

Extra credit for corporate plans: Advanced topics in LDI implementation

To help corporate DB plans refine their liability-hedging strategies, members of our LDI Team take a deep dive on 3 key liability risks and offer ideas to help improve the design of hedging portfolios.

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25 min
Whitepaper
2026-08-31
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.

Private placements: A primer for corporate DB plans preparing to derisk

With many corporate DB plans exploring derisking opportunities, Portfolio Manager Elisabeth Perenick and Multi-Asset Strategist Amy Trainor discuss the potential role that private investment-grade credit, or private placements, could play and consider common questions about liquidity and allocation sizing.

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9 min
Article
2025-08-31
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.
The evolution of derisking: Assessing new and time-tested liability-hedging ideas
As defined benefit plans contemplate the best path to their eventual “end state,” members of our LDI team update their liability-hedging research with a blend of traditional benchmark ideas and new opportunities to capitalize on changing market conditions and a broader investment universe.
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22 min
Whitepaper
2026-06-30
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.
850495466
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.

Time to derisk? Funded status up, but potential volatility ahead

LDI Team Chair Amy Trainor explains why US corporate DB plans may have a rare and limited opportunity to derisk and offers suggested action steps.

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3 min
Article
2024-11-15
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.

Using defensive equities in a return-seeking portfolio: A factor framework for corporate plans

Members of our LDI and Fundamental Factor teams share their views on defensive equity investments, including their role in a plan's portfolio and the current environment for defensive factors.

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Article
2025-03-31
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.
850495466
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.

Bank downgrades: Should LDI investors be worried?

Members of our LDI team discuss the implications of recent US bank credit-rating downgrades and offer potential next steps for corporate plan sponsors. 

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Article
2024-11-30
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.

Liability-hedging diversifiers: What’s on your pension’s playlist?

Corporate pensions moving closer to their end state may benefit from more diversified liability-hedging allocations. To help, LDI Team Chair Amy Trainor offers a liability-hedging diversifiers “playlist” — a set of asset classes and strategies that may harmonize well with a variety of objectives, from downside mitigation to long-term outperformance versus long corporate bonds.

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Whitepaper
2024-10-31
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.
850495466
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.

Keep your spread and earn on it too? The case for intermediate credit

Amid heightened volatility and an uncertain macro environment, members of our LDI Team see opportunity for corporate plans in the intermediate credit market.

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Article
2024-06-30
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.

Mind the liquidity (and cost) gap: Revisiting a plan’s hedge-ratio approach

Members of our LDI Team take a fresh look at the process of setting and managing liability hedge ratio targets, including liquidity considerations that are top of mind today and the implementation toolkit.

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Article
2025-06-30
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.
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LDI in 2023: Ten questions corporate plan sponsors are asking

Members of our LDI Team address a range of topics that US corporate plans will be thinking about in the coming year, from the investment implications of pension accounting changes to the role of alternatives in a return-seeking portfolio.

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Article
2023-12-31
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Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.