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CLO equity insights: Private credit

Alyssa Irving, Fixed Income Portfolio Manager
Andrew Bayerl, CFA, Investment Director
5 min read
2025-08-31
Archived info
Archived pieces remain available on the site. Please consider the publish date while reading these older pieces.
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The views expressed are those of the authors at the time of writing. Other teams may hold different views and make different investment decisions. The value of your investment may become worth more or less than at the time of original investment. While any third-party data used is considered reliable, its accuracy is not guaranteed. For professional, institutional, or accredited investors only.

The intersection of public and private credit is gaining steam in markets and the media. This convergence is pronounced and transparent in the broadly syndicated loan market. In this piece, we explore the impact of this trend on CLO equity and the unexpected benefit it has driven in recent years.

Key points

  • The broadly syndicated loan (BSL) and middle market direct lending (MMDL) markets have a significant — and increasing — overlap and function in capital markets.
  • A tug of war on demand for loans has emerged across the two spaces, with deal flow alternating depending on the most favorable terms.
  • This has been a strong technical positive for CLO equity investors, as it has reduced the number of distressed credits in the market as private credit has refinanced a number of these names out of CLOs at par.

The growth of private credit

BSL and MMDL are two sides of the same coin. They are both senior loan facilities that are financing US corporations, often because of private equity buyout activity. As private credit dry powder has grown (Figure 1), private lenders have moved upstream to finance larger transactions. This has taken share from the broadly syndicated loan market which has seen the smaller end of its market shrink as it migrates to private lending (Figure 2). 

Many in the market have jumped to a rhetoric that this is the end of the BSL market as we know it, and private credit is taking over. We take a much more balanced view: The emergence of private credit is a natural evolution of the market to a more symbiotic relationship between the BSL and MMDL markets.

Figure 1

clo-equity-insights-fig1

Figure 2

clo-equity-insights-fig2-v2

The beginning of a complex friendship

In our view, both MMDL and BSL serve core functions required for healthy credit markets. The BSL market is more efficient at lending larger facility sizes and generally offers a lower cost of financing to companies. But one challenge of BSL is that during bouts of volatility, banks are typically less willing to lend to companies, so lending slows. Companies have reacted to this, smartly, by diversifying their borrowing base and tapping into private credit markets when BSL financing is not available. Figure 3 shows how, when bank lending slowed in the volatile credit environment post the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank in 2023, companies shifted their borrowing to private credit. However, when normalcy returned to markets in 2024, the tide flowed back to BSL.

We think this is a very healthy dynamic for borrowers because it reduces their default risk if their maturities fall in a period of heightened volatility. They now have multiple options to roll their borrowing forward and not be caught in a situation of having a good balance sheet, but no liquidity because public markets are closed.

Figure 3

clo-equity-insights-fig3-v2

Another important and emerging trend is the divergence between the types of companies tapping BSL versus private credit. Historically, when a company was under stress with a potential downgrade to CCC, it faced a borrowing cliff. CLOs are the largest buyer of bank loans and have tight restrictions on their ability to own the lowest-rated debt category of CCC. This often meant that loan prices would hit an air pocket between CLO demand and distressed buyers who buy at lower prices. Private credit has emerged as a natural buyer of those challenged credits, taking the loans private, offering more creative lending terms bilaterally, and potentially earning a higher spread while doing so. This has shifted some of the riskiest loans off the balance sheets of CLOs and into private credit funds.

Bottom line for CLO equity

The convergence of public and private markets has thus far benefited CLO equity by improving credit fundamentals. High CCC exposure and defaults have historically been the primary risks to CLO equity tranche holders, potentially restricting trading activity and reducing future interest and principal payments. Private credit entering the market as a buyer of these loans was an unexpected but welcome development.

Critically, though these loans are trading at stressed prices, they are refinanced at par. So, CLO equity goes from owning a credit trading at a steep discount that could take a principal loss to instead being paid back at par. As long as this trend continues — and given today’s ample dry powder and strong demand for private credit, we expect it to — CLO equity could be a significant beneficiary of the growth of private credit.

The flip side of this coin is that private credit taking market share from the bank loan market has the negative technical impact of tightening bank loan spreads because of lower loan supply. We see this today with almost 60% of BSLs trading above par.1 This reduces the income and potential price appreciation to equity buyers when creating CLO collateral pools. We are less concerned about this trend because the CLO machine has the natural regulator of the equity arbitrage. If loan supply drops, leading to tighter spreads/higher dollar prices, new CLO creation is likely to slow. All else equal, CLO issuance should slow over time at a pace that leads to an equilibrium between the two markets and should not be a long-term challenge to equity returns.


1Source: Morningstar LSTA Leveraged Loan Index. Data as of 31 May 2024.

Important disclosure

All investing involves risk. Investment markets are subject to economic, regulatory, market sentiment and political risks. All investors should consider the risks that may impact their capital, before investing. The value of your investment may become worth more or less than at the time of the original investment. | Contents are based on information from sources believed to be reliable, but accuracy and completeness cannot be guaranteed. Nothing herein should be construed as investment advice; a past, current, or future recommendation to buy or sell any security or an offer to sell; or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security. This material does not purport to contain all of the information that a prospective investor may wish to consider and is not to be relied upon as such or used in substitution for the exercise of independent judgment.

For institutional, professional, or accredited/qualified investors only. This material is prepared for designated institutional and professional investors and their consultants or for such other use as may be authorized by Wellington Management. This material and/or its contents are current at the time of writing. Wellington assumes no duty to update any information in this material in the event that such information changes. While any third-party data used is considered reliable, its accuracy is not guaranteed. Forward-looking statements should not be considered as guarantees or predictions of future events. This content may not be reproduced or distributed in whole or in part, for any purpose, without the express written consent of Wellington Management. Any views expressed herein are those of the author(s), are based on available information, and are subject to change without notice. Individual portfolio management teams may hold different views and may make different investment decisions for different clients.

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